The pulp and paper industry, as a heavy user of water resource, strongly requires conservation of natural environments for its future business development. JPRI has continuously conducted ecological surveys on aquatic species, investigating population/diversity of various organisms and physiological effects on fish in the vicinity of sites receiving pulp and paper mill effluents. JPRI has also carried out nationwide research on biodegradability of constituents in mill effluents and accumulation of organics in sediments and aquatic organisms.